A great earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 (UTC) on Sunday, December 26, 2004. This 9.0+ magntide event was located off the west coast of Northern Sumatra as shown on the map below. This was the fourth largest earthquake in the world since 1900 and the largest since the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska earthquake. The tsunami caused more casualties than any other in recorded history. Over 150,000 people were killed, over 25,000 were missing and over 1,000,000 were displaced in South Asia and East Africa. At least 110,229 people were killed in Indonesia, 30,922 people in Sri Lanka, 10,749 in India, 5,303 in Thailand, 150 in Somalia, 81 in Maldives, 68 in Malaysia, 59 in Myanmar, 10 in Tanzania, 3 in Seychelles, 2 in Bangladesh and 1 in Kenya.
Tsunami Earthquake Map
Tsunami Epicenter Map
Prior to this earthquake the Indian Plate was moving beneath the Burma Plate, meeting resistance and compressional forces accumulated. When the fault between these two plates suddenly slipped a rupture approximately 1,200 kilometers long developed in the ocean floor with a vertical displacement of about 15 meters. The boundary between the plates and the line of failure are shown on the map below as the blue saw-tooth line.
Tsunami Travel Time Map
The tsunami produced by the earthquake traveled across the Indian Ocean causing significant damage. A modeled travel time map for this event is shown below. Note how the wave traveled across the Indian Ocean, striking India within about two hours and Aftica about 6 hours later.
Tsunamis Wave Height Map
The modeled tsunami wave height map below shows the maximum heights that the wave likely reached when it came ashore. The coastline of Sumatra, near the earthquake event, received waves over 10 meters tall. Areas farther away such as Sri Lanka and Thailand were struck by waves over 4 meters tall. On the other side of the Indian Ocean, Somalia and the Seychelles here struck by waves approximately 4 meters in height.
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